Volume 29, Number 2

A Whole-cell Biocatalysis Application of Steroidal Drugs

Introduction Biocatalysis is an increaingly important tool in organic synthesis. Biotransformations with whole cells are extensively employed as an industrial method to synthesize many steroidal drugs and chiral building blocks, and to modify natural...

Electrospinning of Polyamide Fiber containing Nano TiO2 and the Effect of Heat, Setting on Self-cleaning

Introduction Polymer nano fibers have gain much attention because of their fundamental importance in a wide range of applications such as filtration, tissue industry, medical science, drug carrier, biomedical applications and conductive yarns.(1-5)Reduction of...

Synthesis of substituted-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydro-3-[1-oxo-2-hydrazino-3-{p-toluenesulfon}]quinoline Derivatives and their Biological Activity Against Bacterial Infections

New Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Isosorbide Mononitrate in Bulk and Tablet Formulation

Introduction Isosorbide mononitrate (1,4,3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol 5-nitrate)1 is a cardiovascular drug classified under organic nitrates. Isosorbide mononitrate is a drug used principally in the treatment of angina pectoris caused by coronary artery disease. It acts by...

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and X-ray Diffraction Studies of Cerium Complex of Glipizide, An Oral Antidiabetic Drug

Introduction Glipizide is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus1. It is about 100 times more potent than tolbutamide in evoking pancreatic secretion of insulin2. It is...

Antimicrobial and Pharmacological Studies of some Newly Synthesized Aryl Sulfonamide Derivatives

Introduction Sulfonamide and their derivatives are used in medicine due to their pharmacological properties such as antibacterial activity(1,2). Oxadiazole derivatives belong to an important group of heterocyclic compounds that have  a vital role in...

Comparative of Isotherms Adsorption Methyl Orange and Phenolphthalein by Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube and Activated Carbon with Models Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir

Introduction Carbon nanotubes(CNT) are different form of carbon with a cylindrical nano-structure . Nanotube with the length-to-diameter ratio to 132,000,000:1 is made very larger than any other materials. These cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual...

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Imino-oxazolidinones: Separation, Identification and Estimation

Introduction Although thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies on heterocyclic organic compounds including thiazolidinones are well documented and numerous reports are also available on isomers but imino-oxazolidinones have not been investigated hitherto. This aroused our interest to...

Spectral Study of Ruthinium (III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Maltose by Potassium Permagnate in Acidic Medium

Introduction Permanganates ions oxidize a greater variety of substrates and find extensive applications in organic syntheses,1–7 especially after the advent of phase transfer catalysis,3,4,6 which permits the use of solvents such as methylene chloride...

Study of Antioxidant Activity of Spinacia oleracea L.

Materials and Methods PlantmaterialandExtraction Spanich with scientific term Spinacea oleraceal is one of important vegetable of beet group .It is mentioned that in central regions of Asia and also Iran that it is planted...

Studies on Application of Chemical Modified Epoxy Resin as A Coupling Agent in Polymeric Azo Dyes

Introduction Specialty material having number of advantages over their monomeric dyes.As a consequence in the last few decades, they have been documented well by many research scientists. It is important to note that polymeric...

Design and Synthesis of an Aromatic-steroid Derivative

Fabrication and Properties of Iron/Cobalt Nanowires Composite

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Value of Some Dye Yielding Medicinal Plants

Introduction The worldwide demand for natural dyes is nowadays of great interest due to the increased awareness on therapeutic properties of natural dyes in public. Natural dyes are derived from naturally occurring sources such...

Influence of Hydration on the Neutral Complex (-OH, H3O+) (H2O)n

Introduction The state of a proton in aqueous solution and clusters is of wide interest and the proton Transfer reaction is one of the most important in chemistry [1]. Proton transfer also plays a very...

Comparative Study of Adsorption Isotherms Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Dexamethasone on Carbon Nanotube and Activated Carbon

Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNT) discovery by Iijima in 19911. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hollow cylinders of graphite carbon atoms. These tubes are on the nano scale (10-9 m), which is so small that 10,000...

Reduction of α-Diketones and Acyloins with Zn(BH4)2/ZrCl4 to their Corresponding Vicinal Diols

Introduction Reduction ofα-hydroxy ketones and α-diketones to vicinal diols and/or acyloins are the subject of interests in organic synthesis1.  Reduction of α-diketones usually gives a mixture of α-hydroxy ketonesand vicinal diols. On the other...

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Substituted 1,3-diaryl Propenones and 3,5-diaryl-6-carbethoxy Cyclohexenones and their antibacterial activity

Distribution of Silicon Compounds in Dungun River Basin, Southern South China Sea (Malaysia)

Introduction Dungun River is situated in Dungun district facing the South China Sea at the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is approximately 92 km and received runoff from its tributaries such as Telembuh,...

Oxidation of P-methoxy Benzoic Acid Hydrazide by Thallium (III) in Acidic Medium (A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study)

Synthesis and Antimicrobial activity of Some 1, 3, 4- Oxadiazoles-2-thione and 1, 2, 4-Triazoles Derivatives from Tert-Butyl Carbazate

Introduction The utility of hydrazides as key intermediates for the synthesis of several series of heterocyclic compounds and the broad spectrum of biological activities of their cyclized products have been reported1-4 and aroused our...

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Mn(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Derived from (E)-1-((p-tolylimino)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol

Solute Solvent Interactions of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Wrapped Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (PVP-SWNTs) in Water by Viscometric Studies

Introduction Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 by Iijima(1), a lot of attentions have been imparted upon them (2-3),owing to their unique characters. Carbon nanotubes possess outstanding mechanical, electrical and thermal properties....

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Substituted Pyrazoline Derivatives as Biological Agents

Synthesis and study of antibacterial activity of some 1-phenyl-3-aryl-5-(4-(2-ethanoloxy) phenyl)-1H-pyrazoles

Introduction The wide-spread exploitation of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of infectious diseases leads to the development of microbial resistance to existing drugs. The emergence of resistance to the major classes of antibacterial drugs...

Phytochemical Analysis of Cold Toluene Extracts of Piper nigrum and its Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

Introduction Among many plants of family piperaceae, one showing tremendous potential in therapeutics is Piper nigrum[1]. Piper has 700 species distributed in both hemispheres [2]. As the plant has great adaptability towards various soils...

Synthesis, Physico-chemical and Spectral Studies of Mercury Complex of Glimepiride, An Oral Antidiabetic Drug

One-pot Three-component Coupling Reaction: Solvent-free Synthesis of Novel 2-substituted Aryl (amino) Kojic Acid by pTSA-catalyzed

A Validated RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Eberconazole, Mometasone Furoate and Methylparaben

Introduction Eberconazole is a topical, broad-spectrum imidazole derivative, effective in dermatophytoses, candidiasis, and pityriasis treatment. [1] Eberconazole exerts fungicidal effect at high concentrations and fungistatic at low concentration. Eberconazole (nitrate) inhibits the synthesis of...

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Transition and Inner Transition Metal Complexes of Ligands Derived Schiff Base from 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-4-(4-iminopentan-2-one)-pyrazole-5-one and 2-aminophenol

Introduction The term Schiff base was invented by Hugo Schiff for the condensation reaction between an aldehyde and an amine. Schiff base ligands are able to coordinate metals through imine nitrogen and another group...

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Vitamine B9 and B12 using a Hydroquinone Derivative Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode

Introduction Folic acid, (N-[p-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl) methyl] amino}benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid, is a water-soluble of vitamin B group (vitamin B9). It is produced by plants (green leaves, algae) and micro-organisms (yeast, bacteria). A lack of vitamin B9 is...

Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Studies of Some Substituted Fluoroquinolones

Introduction The first clinically useful quinolone was naldixic acid, discovered by Lesher and co-workers in 1962, which was generated from chloroquine, an antimalarial agent (1). It was active against some Gram negative bacteria and...

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Nickel (II) with o-Chlorophenylazo-bis-acetoxime

Introduction Arylazo-bis-acetoximes are similar to hydroxytriazenes. Although a number of studies related to nickel (II) determination using hydroxytriazenes as reagents have been done1-4, no study has yet appeared on arylazo-bis-acetoximes. Thus, in the present...

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-(2- ketothiophen-yl)-3-(substituted aryl)- 5-{methylene-(4-haloaryl)}-1- thiazolidin-4-ones

Introduction Among the wide range of small ring heterocycles that containing nitrogen and sulphur have been under investigation for pretty long time because of their multifarious medicinal potential especially as antimicrobials. A survey of...

Harmonic Analysis of Vibrations of 4-Chloro-2-Fluroaniline: A Scaled Quantum Mechanical Approach

Introduction Quantum chemical computational methods have proved to be an essential tool for interpreting and predicting the vibrational spectra [1-3].  A significant advancement in this area was made by combining semi empirical quantum mechanical...

Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds to their Corresponding of Alcohols with [Zn(BH4)2(2-MeOpy)] & [Zn(BH4)2(2-Mepy)] as New Reducing Agents (A Comparison Study)

Introduction Ranu et al  has reported Zn(BH4)2 capable of reducing some carbonyl compounds 1a-c.However, zinc tetrahydroborate has been used less than regular reducing agents in laboratory for the reduction of organic compounds, because of...

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assay of Some Ketoanils and their Thiazolidinones

Determination of Some Trace Elements in Marine Sediment using ICP-MS and XRF (A Comparative Study)

Introduction Some of the sources of trace elements as pollutants are, vehicle emission, agricultural, industrial and shipping activities [1], [2]. [3]. The health risk of trace elements in aquatic environment and subsequent uptake in...

Spectral and Antimicrobial Screening of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Coordination Compounds with Nitrogen Oxygen and Sulphur Containing Tridentate Schiff Base

Introduction Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes exhibit numerous biocidal    activities1-2, such as antitumour3, antibiotic4 and antiviral5. Schiff bases have attracted the interest of many chemists due to their ability to coordinate with...

Water Soluble Iron aminoclay for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenol

Introduction The uniqueness of noble metal nano particles (MNPs) arises from their size, shape, higher surface to volume ratio with increased percentage of atoms that display superior properties unavailable in conventional macroscopic materials.1 These...

Oxidation of O-toluic Acid Hydrazide by Thallium (III) in Acidic Medium (A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study)

Introduction Thallium oxide is one of the versatile available oxidizing agents used for oxidation of hydrazide. The reaction of hydrazide with most oxidants give the corresponding acids1 and in some cases2 esters or amides....

Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Complexes of Some 3d-Series Divalent Transition Metals with 2-hydroxy-4-nitro acetophenone hydrazone, Schiff Base Ligand

Introduction Schiff’s bases are organic compounds having an azomethine group ( >C=N).Various studies1-2 have shown that >C = N group has considerable biological importance3-5. A broad spectrum of biological potential is reported to be...

Synthesis and Characterization of Niobium (V) and Tantalum(V) Chelates with 2-aminothiophenol and 2-aminophenol

Introduction Niobium (V) and Tantalum(V) are class-a metal but a NMR study of 93Nb has shown that the SCN ligand yields a series of N-bonded isothiocyanato and s-bonded thiocyanato complexes(1). These dº-complexes have no...

The Adsorption Equilibrium Isotherms Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin Models for Two Steroidal anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Betamethasone and Clobetasol on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube

Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nano structure.. Nanotubes have been constructed with length to diameter ratio of up to 132,000,0001.Significantly larger than for any other material. These cylindrical...

Structural and Antifungal Evaluation of Palladium(II) Complexes Ligated by Triphenyl Phosphine and Isomeric 1-substituted phenyl tetrazoline-5-thione

Introduction The relationship between structural and biological properties of metal complexes with thioamide ligands has been reviewed by West et.al.1 Several Palladium (II) complexes having thioamide ligands are reported to be potential anti-tumor activity2-3...

Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Cr(III) Complexes of Polydentate Hydroxamic Acid Ligands

Introduction Hydroxamic acids are versatile reagents for organic and inorganic analyses[1,2]. Their derivatives are biochemically highly active and find applications in medicinal use[3]. The sulphur containing derivatives of hydroxamic acid have aroused considerable interests...

NaBH4/Ga(OH)3: An Efficient Reducing System for Reductive Amination of Aldehydes

Introduction Amines are important functionalities in active pharmaceutical intermediates and drugs.The reduction of nitro, cyano, azide, carboxamidecompoundsand alkylation of amines are common routes for the synthesis of amines. These methodologies for secondary amines are...

Isolation and Identification of γ-sitosterol by GC-MS from Roots of Girardinia heterophylla

Introduction Girardinia heterophylla, commonly known as ‘DansKandali’, is abundantly found in the Himalayas. It can be seen growing extensively as an underutilized biomass in the forest areas situated in outskirts of the villages. The...

Removal of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Chalk Powder

Introduction Copper is a toxic heavy metal discharged into the environment due to various industrial operations1 and agricultural activities2. Anthropogenic sources of copper contamination include smelters, iron foundries, power plant stations and incinerators3. Copper...

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine-B by Agricultural Waste

Introduction Colour removal from industrial effluents had been of significant concern due to theenvironmental problems1,2. The presence of very low concentrations of dyes in effluent was highly visible and undesirable. Wastewaters from the textile...

Reaction of N-ethoxycarbonylphyrrole-2-thiocarboxamide and N-phenylcarbamoylphyrrole-2-thiocarboxamide with [Rh NOX2 (PPh3)2] (X=Cl-, Br-, I- and NO2-)

Introduction Nitric  Oxide is a versatile ligand for Coordination and Organometallic compounds. It can bind transition metals as a linear or bent molecule (NOˉ). The over all structure and reactivity features of  metal nitrosyls ...

Glutamic acid as an Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones

Introduction Over the last decade, the multi-stage reactions (MCRs) became more popular. Multi-step synthesis to produce massive amounts of waste, according to the isolation of the complex, toxic and hazardous solvent at each step....

Reaction of N-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole-2-thiocarboxamide and N-phenylcarbamoylpyrrole-2 thiocarboxamide with [M(PEt3)4] (M=Ni, Pd, and Pt)

Introduction A large number of papers have appeared on the study of complexes with the ligands having  Sulphur and Nitrogen donor atoms.1,2 Although the purpose of these investigations were mainly to get a clear...

Viscosity of Thorium Soaps

Introduction Metallic soaps are widely used in industries and allied sciences as catalysts, cosmetics, lubricants, greases, medicines, softeners, flatteners, stabilizers, plasticizers, emulsifiers, surface active agents and waterproofing agents. Therefore, a detailed study of these...

Synthesis of New Oxidant N-chloroisonipecotamide and its Oxidation Kinetics on Aromatic Acetals

Introduction Oxidation is an important process in organic chemistry and us of a  new economic and effective oxidants under mild and anhydrous conditions constitutes a standing challenge. The chemistry of N-halo compound forms a...

Synthesis, Spectral and Biocidal Studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of Hydrazone

Introduction The chemistry of Schiff base ligands exhibit a wide range of potentially important biocidal properties1-2. Schiff bases are important class of chelating ligands obtained by condensation of aldehydes or ketones with primary amine....

Study of Antioxidant Activity of Juglans regia leaves

Introduction    Free radicals are linked with the majority of diseases and the partially reduced metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen, are highly toxic and reactive1-2. Oxidation is one of the most important route for...

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Malic Acid by N-bromoanisamide

Introduction Recently considerable attention has been focused on the diverse nature of the chemistry of N-halo compounds, due to their ability to act as sources of halonium cation, hypo halite species and nitrogen anion...

Identification of Amino acids on Thin-layer Chromatography Plates with a New Reagent

Introduction Identification of amino acids has immense importance in the protein chemistry because they are the basic units of proteins and polypepeptides. Various spray reagents for the specific and non-specific detection of amino acids...

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Analysis of Dichloromethane Extracts of Piper nigrum (Black Pepper)

Introduction The genus piper, a member of family piperaceae, is an perennial herb, which has over 700 species distributed in both hemispheres. This family has shown a promising effect in therapeutics (Reshmi S.K et...

Development and Validation of A UV Spectroscopic Method for Analysis of Paracetamol in Bulk Powder and Tablet

Introduction Paracetamol or acetaminophen is active metabolites of phenacitin. It is a widely used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic. Chemically, it is 4-hydroxy acetanilide (acetaminophen)[1]. Paracetamol and other NSAIDs all act by the same...

Synthesis of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives using FeCl3 as Catalyst under Solvent-free Condition

Introduction Chemistry of dihydropyridines in 1882 with Arthur Hansh reports the β-keto ester, aldehydes and ammonia can be combined to form 1, 4-dihydropyridine was developed. Because of the many benefits of 1, 4-dihydropridine is...

Thin –layer Chromatography of Isomeric Complexes of Ambidentate Ketoanil Ligands: Separation, Detection and Effect of Chelate Ring Contraction on RF Values

Introduction Although thin- layer  chromatography(TLC), being superior to other techniques in providing rapid and better separation , is used in routine in testing homogeneity, resolution and identification of organic and inorganic compounds as one...

Antimicrobial Activity of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Coordination Compounds with Nitrogen, Oxygen Containing Schiff Base

Introduction Metal complexes of Schiff bases have played a significant role in the area of coordination compounds. The ligational behaviour of Schiff base towards the central metal ions provide versatility and extra stability of...

Synthesis of Some New Bischromones from Bischalcones

Introduction The Bischromones are used primarily in treating allergic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, sometimes in intrinsic asthma and also in the studies of various allergic lung diseases1. Chromolyn sodium (Intal) is used principally in the...

Structural and Biological Studies of Complexes Containing Metals With Micronutrient Properties

Comparative Study of Kinetics of Catalyzed Oxidation of D (+)galactose and lactose by Ruthenium (III) in Alkaline Medium

Introduction Catalysis by transition metal ions, plays an important role in understanding the mechanistic aspects of a particular redox reaction. Ru(III) acts as an efficient catalyst in many redox reactions, hence the use of...

Essential Oil Composition of Solvent Extract of Hibiscus rosasinensis Flower

Introduction Hibiscus Rosa sinensis belongs to family Malvacae. There are many colours of ‘Hibiscus rosa sinensis’, like Red, White and Yellow with Red being the most popular. Several articles and ancient literature have shown...