Industrial Effluent Quality of Bikaner District Rajasthan ,India

Introduction

Development process and its regular monitoring both are the parallel issues. Bikaner district is situated at NW Rajasthan in India and there are four major heavy industrial area containing thousands of industrial unit in this developing city. Day by day these industrial units are increasing in number therefore a keen monitoring and research is required so their impact on human health and environment could be justified with the blind industrial development. Industrial waste water, effluents are the major problem for the developing industries as well as for human settlements. A serious monitoring of industrial effluent quality is very significant as this may lead to very dangerous human health and environmental hazards. However there are well defined environmental laws and guidelines provided by national agencies but it is very rare to see that these laws and regulation are being followed and these industrial units are generating the various early and delayed human health as well as environmental hazards.

Experimental

Four major industrial  area were selected for the effluent study purpose designated as (1) Ranibazar, industrial area, (2) Beechwal industrial area, (3) Khara RIICO groth center, (4) Karni RIICO Industrial area. To analyse the effluent quality 12 samples from each of the above selected industrial area were collected during the time period of August 2012 to August 2013 and tested against 11 parameters in the high quality laboratory. These results were compared  with the standard parameter permissible limits provided by Central pollution control board of India and further the conclusions were made. All the samples were collected and analysed using world wide acceptable methodology provided by international and national agencies like world health organization and central pollution control board of India(CPCB). All the reagents used of AR grade and the sampler as well as the glassware were used of standard quality.

Table no-1.0­ final waste water effluent outlet on land riico, rani bazar, industrial  area, bikaner-2012-2013.

S.No.	Parameters	Result
1.	Colour vis	Dark brown
2.	PH	5.950
3.	Total suspended solids	288
4.	COD  [mg/l]	1723
5.	BOD[3days at270C,mg/l]	285
6.	Oil and grease [mg/l]	9.0
7.	Total chromium asCr mg/l	2.317
8.	Sulphides as S mg/l	21.30
9.	Chloride as  Cl [mg/l]	740
10.	Sulphate as So4 mg/l	765
11.	Total dissolved solids[TDS]mg/l	3520

 

Table no-2.0 final waste water effluent outlet on land riico, beechwaal bazar, industrial  area, bikaner-2012-13.

S.No.	Parameters	Result
1.	Colour vis	brown
2.	PH	6.71
3.	Total suspended solids[mg/l]	344
4.	COD  [mg/l]	1855
5.	BOD[3days at270C,mg/l]	313
6.	Oil and grease [mg/l]	14.0
7.	Total chromium asCr mg/l	5.981
8.	Sulphides as S mg/l	20.4
9.	Chloride as  Cl [mg/l]	850
10.	Sulphate as So4 mg/l	1114
11.	Total dissolved solids[TDS]mg/l	4250

 

Table no-3.0 final waste water effluent outlet on land industrial growth center khara, bikaner-2012-13.

S.No.	Parameters	Result
1.	Colour vis	DARK G RAY
2.	PH	7.33
3.	Total suspended solids[mg/l]	572
4.	COD  [mg/l]	3430
5.	BOD[3days at270C,mg/l]	488
6.	Oil and grease [mg/l]	9.0
7.	Total chromium asCr mg/l	2.658
8.	Sulphides as S mg/l	20.9
9.	Chloride as  Cl [mg/l]	320
10.	Sulphate as So4 mg/l	203
11.	Total dissolved solids[TDS]mg/l	2430

 

Table-no-4.0 final waste water effluent outlet on land  karni  industrial  area, bikaner-2012-13.

S.No.	Parameters	Result
1.	Colour vis	Dark gray
2.	PH	07.54
3.	Total suspended solids	280
4.	COD  [mg/l]	360
5.	BOD[3days at270C,mg/l]	297
6.	Oil and grease [mg/l]	18.0
7.	Total chromium asCr mg/l	2.156
8.	Sulphides as S mg/l	4.4
9.	Chloride as  Cl [mg/l]	290
10.	Sulphate as So4 mg/l	190
11.	Total dissolved solids[TDS]mg/l	3330

 

Table-5.0 refrence standard parameter  for discharge  of  effluent  on free land  surface  the  environment  (protection) rules, 1986 , govt. Of india.

S.No.	Parameters	Result
1.	Colour vis	Colourless
2.	PH	5.5-9.0
3.	Total suspended solids(mg/l)	100
4.	COD  [mg/l]	250
5.	BOD[3days at270C,mg/l]	285
6.	Oil and grease [mg/l]	10.0
7.	Total chromium asCr [mg/l]	2.0
8.	Sulphides as S [mg/l]	2.0
9.	Chloride as  Cl [mg/l]	1.0
10.	Sulphate as So4 [mg/l]	2.0
11.	Total dissolved solids[TDS]mg/l	100

 

Results  and Discussions

P^H  was found to be within the permissible limits whereas the color of effluent was observed of  different kind.TSS was found  highest in Khara industrial area , BOD and COD was found to be of highest value for Khara industrial Area again(3430mg/l). Oil and  grease content were found to be within the permissible limits for all areas except of  karni industrial  area(18.0), this  high value  may be attributed to  the large  number of  wool scouring units in this industrial area. Total Chromium was found  highest  in Beechwal  industrial  area and  can be attributed  to the bulk use of dyes containing in woolen industries. TDS was found minimum for khara growth center (2430 mg/l) , and maximum for Beechwal industrial area (4250 mg/l). This may be due  to effluent contribution of large number of food processing unit in this area. All the parameters were found to be significant (P=>0.5) for all the parameters except of oil contents and P^H  .

Conclusion

Results shows that the waste water effluent discharged on surface land contains high degree of pollutant load above than permissible limits .Most  of the industrial units  are discharging their effluents without following any standard and prescribed treatment. Study concludes that heavy pollutant load discharge on surface land leading to deterioration in soil and water resources quality as well as generation of early and delayed health hazards for sub population.

Recommendations

There should be a high leveled campaign with public participation to make people aware about these industrial health hazards they are getting frequently.
Monitoring policy must be revised and should be result oriented.
There should be an improved active role of public representation like NGO’s and Freelance researchers for such monitoring empowered with making of penalty charges, policy and other actions.
A deep regular thorough high level of research promotion is required with this regard.

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