Abstract

Erizal Zaini*, Fitri Rachmaini, Fithriani Armin and Lili Fitriani

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/310454

The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize the binary mixture of efavirenz and nicotinamide.  The binary mixture of efavirenz and nicotinamide (in equimolar ratio) was prepared by solid state grinding and solvent dropped grinding. Characterizations were conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Interaction of efavirenz and nicotinamide in liquid states was studied by phase solubility profile. The dissolution rate studies was conducted by using USP type II apparatus in distilled water with 0.5 % sodium lauryl sulfate. Efavirenz dissolved was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Acetonitrile and acetic acid 1 % as mobile phase. The diffracgram of powder X-Ray analysis showed that both efavirenz and nicotinamide are highly crystalline, and equimolar binary mixtures showed a similar diffraction peaks. Thermal analysis result showed that binary mixture of efavirenz and nicotinamide form a simple eutectic mixture with the eutectic temperature (t_E) was 92.7 °C. The SEM analysis depicted that efavirenz and nicotinamide are polyhedral shaped particles, while binary mixture showed a homogenous aggregates of fine needle shaped particles. Phase solubility profile of the binary mixture indicated formation of a soluble complex between efavirenz and nicotinamide in 1:1 molar. The dissolution rate of the binary mixtures were significantly higher compared to the intact efavirenz.

binary mixture; eutectic; efavirenz; nicotinamide and dissolution rate

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