Abstract

Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini¹, Habibah Hamzah², Chia Poh Wai³, Mohd Hasmizam Razali³, Uwaisulqarni M. Osman³, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar⁴, Siti Kamilah Che Soh⁴, Saidatul Radhiah Binti Ghazali⁵, Nor Hayati Ibrahim⁶, low Chen Fei⁷ and Sharifah Rahmah²

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340612

Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl₂which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.

Fishbones; Hydroxiapatite (HAp); Sunscreen; Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

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