Synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 N anoparticles from Ironstone from The Republic of Yemen NABIL ABDULLAH

In this study, a new preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is reported. Fe3O4 nanoparticle were successfully synthesized . This method consisted of two stages, beginning with the pulverization and separation of iron ore from ironstone by using the coprecipitation method of magnetite. The characterization of Fe3O4 nanoparticle was done by TEM ,XRD and U.V.

diameters.However, well-dispersed aqueous Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been met with very limited success.Several methods have been published for synthesizing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, and several research studies have reported the successful preparation of nano-or microscale Fe 3 O 4 .Using different methods, such as the ultrasonic chemical coprecipitation method and the solvothermal method [2][3][4][5][6] have been for reported the synthesis of nanoparticle Fe 3 O 4 in organic solvent, and Cupper 7 successfully fabricated magnetic Fe 3 O 4 covered with a modifiable phospholipid coating .Of these methods, chemical coprecipitation was reported to be the most promising because of its simplicity and productivity [8][9][10] .The physics of nanoscale magnetic materials has been a vivid subject for researchers within the last few decades and the exploration of iron sand from beaches or rivers to prepare magnetic materials on nanoscale has been reported in some studies 11 .In this paper, magnetic materials from ironstone mining in Pasaman Barat West Sumatera were investigated, and it was found that ironstone in that area contained 12.462 ppm of iron (Fe), with a susceptibility magnetic value of 888.81 x 10-8 m3/ kg by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and magnetic susceptibility meter.For these reasons, these materials have the potential to be developed and cultivated as raw materials for magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ).Although there have been many significant developments in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, the stability of these particles without agglomeration or precipitation is an important issue.It began with the crushing of ironstone into powder form and then synthesizing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles by using the coprecipitation method of magnetite ore .

EXPERIMENTAL Materials
Hydrochloric Acid ( HCl ) and Ammonia Solution ( NH 4 OH ) were purchased from Sinopharm chemical reagent Co ,Ltd ,China,and ironstone was obtained from Republic of Yemen.
Physical parameters of Hydrochloric Acid ( HCl ), Ammonia Solution ( NH 4 OH ) and Fe 3 O 4 powder are reported in table 1 , 2 and 3 respectively.

Experiment
Two steps of prepararing samples have been reported here .In the first step ironstone was pulverized to obtain a powder .Then a permanent magnet was used to obtain the iron ore.In the second step the iron ore powders were prepared by the chemical coprecitation method.
In typical coprecipitation synthesis procedure , 10 g Fe 3 O 4 powder and 20 ml HCl were mixed and heated at 90 0 C for one hour .The solutions were filtered and then 25 ml NH4OH (90%) was added to the filtrate .The black precipitate was collected and washed with de-ionized water and pure ethanol three times.

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Test
For TEM Test , a small amount of sample was dissolved in 3mL of deionized water in test tube and the solution was stirred by ultra-sonication.Then 10 µ L sample was transferred to clean Copper Grid and kept for drying for TEM test.The TEM micrographs of samples were observed by CM 12 Philips Transmission Electron Microscope .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle was synthesized by heating to 90 0 C of Fe 3 O 4 powder .plate 1,2,3 ,4,5,6and 7 ( TEM ) shows the top-view TEM images of the Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticle plate ( TEM ) 1 The size of the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle is clear from the TEM.The surface of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle shows several large meandering wrinkles.The size of Fe 3 O 4