Abstract

Hathama R. Hasan¹, Nuha Nihad A. Aburahma¹ and Abdul Kareem A. AL-Kazaz²

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330610

Proteins play a central role in cell structure and function. The present study aimed to measure the changes in total protein [TP], albumin [A], globulin [G], and [A]/ [G] ratio in sera and saliva samples of type2 diabetic patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Meanwhile agarose electrophoresis was used to confirm such changes. Also it aimed to look for the possibility of using saliva as an alternative sample to serum as a diagnostic fluid. The results indicated that a significant increase was observed in serum [G], salivary [TP], [A], and [A]/ [G] ratio, p =0.000, p=0.041, p=0.04, p=0.001 respectively, while there was a significant decrease in serum [A]/ [G] ratio p=0.000 in patients without PDR compared to healthy control. Also, the results showed that there was a significant increase in serum [G], salivary [TP], [A], [G] and [A]/[G] ratio, p =0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.037 respectively, while a significant decrease in serum [A]/[G] ratio p=0.000 was observed in patients with PDR compared to patients without PDR. Sera and salivary agarose gel electrophoresis fractionation indicated an increase in [TP] and [G], but the changes were more obvious in the levels of gamma globulin fractions where the higher values were noticed in the patients group with PDR. Sera [A] were slightly decreased while salivary [A] was slightly increased. The most obvious finding was the existence of a positive correlation between the changes in [TP], [A] and [G] of serum and saliva in all studied groups.

Total protein; Albumin; Globulin; Agarose electrophoresis; Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)

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